Road Map - Cyber Security

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🛡️ Ultimate Cybersecurity Roadmap (2025)

Beginner → Intermediate → Advanced → Job-Ready Professional

🟢 Stage 1: Cybersecurity Fundamentals (Beginner Level)

Build a strong understanding of security basics, computer systems, and networks.

📘 Topics to Learn:

  • What is Cybersecurity?

  • Types of Threats: Malware, Phishing, DDoS, Social Engineering

  • CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability)

  • Operating System Basics (Linux & Windows)

  • Computer Networks:

    • OSI Model, TCP/IP, IP, DNS, NAT

  • Firewalls, VPNs, Proxies

🧰 Tools & IDEs:

  • OS: Windows 10, Kali Linux, Ubuntu

  • Networking: Wireshark, Packet Tracer

  • Terminal/IDE: Command Prompt, Linux Terminal, VS Code

  • Virtualization: VirtualBox or VMware Workstation

🧪 Projects:

  • Set up Kali Linux in VirtualBox

  • Basic Network Scanning with Nmap

  • Simulate phishing attack using SET (safe lab)

🟡 Stage 2: Intermediate Cybersecurity & Ethical Hacking

Understand vulnerabilities, reconnaissance, exploitation, and protection.

📘 Topics:

  • Ethical Hacking Phases:

    • Reconnaissance, Scanning, Gaining Access, Maintaining Access, Clearing Tracks

  • Vulnerability Scanning (Nessus, OpenVAS)

  • Web Security: OWASP Top 10 (SQLi, XSS, CSRF, etc.)

  • Cryptography Basics: Hashing, Encryption (AES, RSA)

  • Linux Security: Permissions, Sudo, IPTables

  • Windows Security: Event Logs, Group Policy, PowerShell

🧰 Tools:

  • Scanning: Nmap, Nessus, Nikto

  • Exploitation: Metasploit, Burp Suite, SQLMap

  • Web Testing: OWASP ZAP, Dirb, Wappalyzer

  • Crypto: GPG, Hashcat, CyberChef

🧪 Projects:

  • Exploit DVWA or OWASP Juice Shop

  • Capture the Flag (CTF) from TryHackMe or Hack The Box

  • Hash cracking with Hashcat (MD5/SHA)

🟠 Stage 3: Advanced Cybersecurity & Defensive Security

Dive into blue teaming, incident response, and securing infrastructure.

📘 Topics:

  • Security Information & Event Management (SIEM)

  • Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) & IPS

  • Endpoint Detection & Response (EDR)

  • Incident Response & Threat Hunting

  • Network Security Monitoring

  • Secure SDLC & DevSecOps Basics

  • SOC (Security Operations Center) Practices

🧰 Tools:

  • SIEM: Splunk, ELK Stack

  • Monitoring: Snort, Zeek (Bro), Suricata

  • Threat Intelligence: VirusTotal, AbuseIPDB

  • Forensics: Autopsy, FTK Imager, Volatility

🧪 Projects:

  • Setup a SIEM Lab with ELK

  • Detect brute force attacks on SSH using Zeek

  • Simulate Incident Response from a log file breach

🔴 Stage 4: Cybersecurity Specialization Tracks

Pick a focused path based on your interests and career goals.

TrackSkillsTools
🧠 Penetration TesterExploitation, Reverse EngineeringMetasploit, Burp Suite, Wireshark
🛡️ SOC AnalystMonitoring, Triage, SIEMSplunk, Suricata, ELK
🔐 Security EngineerInfrastructure, Hardening, DevSecOpsDocker, Terraform, Ansible
🔍 Digital Forensics ExpertEvidence Recovery, Chain of CustodyAutopsy, Volatility, FTK Imager
⚠️ Threat HunterAdversary Emulation, MITRE ATT&CKMITRE Caldera, Sigma Rules

📁 6–12 Month Study Plan

MonthFocus Areas
1–2Basics of Networking, Linux, Cyber Threats
3–4Ethical Hacking Tools, OWASP, Cryptography
5–6CTFs, Vulnerability Scanning, SIEM
7–9Incident Response, SOC, Threat Intelligence
10–12Specialization + Certifications + Portfolio

📚 Recommended Resources

Free Learning:

Paid Platforms:

  • Hack The Box – Intermediate to Pro CTFs

  • INE Cybersecurity Paths

  • Udemy Courses:

    • “Learn Ethical Hacking from Scratch” – Zaid Sabih

    • “Complete Cyber Security Course” – Nathan House

🎓 Recommended Certifications (Optional but Valuable)

LevelCertificationProvider
BeginnerGoogle Cybersecurity CertificateCoursera
IntermediateCompTIA Security+CompTIA
IntermediateCEH (Certified Ethical Hacker)EC-Council
AdvancedOSCP (Offensive Security Certified Professional)Offensive Security
AdvancedCISSPISC²
AnalystIBM Cybersecurity AnalystCoursera/IBM

💼 Career Roles in Cybersecurity

RoleFocus
Cybersecurity AnalystMonitor, Detect, Respond
SOC AnalystSecurity Events & SIEM Tools
Penetration TesterEthical Hacking & Testing
Security EngineerInfrastructure & Systems Hardening
Information Security ManagerPolicies, Audits, Leadership
Threat Intelligence AnalystThreat Research & TTPs

🔧 Portfolio & Practice

TaskPlatform
CTFsTryHackMe, Hack The Box, Root-Me
LabsVirtualBox, Kali Linux, Metasploitable
Open SourceGitHub - SIEM rules, Detection scripts
PracticePicoCTF, PentesterLab, AttackDefense

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