Artificial Intelligence - R23 - Important questions.

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 Important questions AI - R23

UNIT – I: Introduction

Essay (10 Marks)

  1. Explain the structure of an intelligent agent with neat diagram and examples.

  2. Discuss different types of environments in AI with suitable examples.

  3. Explain the foundations and history of Artificial Intelligence.

  4. How problem-solving agents work? Illustrate with example.

Short Essay (5 Marks)

  1. Explain the concept of rationality in AI.

  2. Differentiate between agents and environments.

  3. Explain the structure of an intelligent agent with a neat sketch.

  4. What is problem formulation in AI? Give an example.

  5. Explain characteristics of task environments.

  6. Write a short note on autonomous agents.

  7. Discuss different types of environments with examples.

  8. Explain the role of problem-solving agents in AI.

Short Answer (2 Marks)

  1. Define Artificial Intelligence.

  2. Write two real-world applications of AI.

  3. What are the foundations of AI?

  4. Define intelligent agent.

  5. What is an environment in AI?

  6. What is the difference between simple and complex environments?

  7. Define rationality.

  8. What is meant by rational agent?

  9. Define autonomy in agents.

  10. What is the task environment?

  11. List the components of an AI problem.

  12. Define percept and percept sequence.

  13. What are the characteristics of an environment?

  14. Write two examples of problem-solving agents.

  15. Define problem formulation.

UNIT – II: Searching

Essay (10 Marks)

  1. Explain Breadth First Search and Depth First Search with examples.

  2. Describe Hill Climbing algorithm with advantages and disadvantages.

  3. Write the A* algorithm with example. Why is it optimal? 

  4. Explain Minimax algorithm with example game tree.

  5. Discuss Alpha-Beta pruning with example.

Short Essay (5 Marks)

  1. Explain the concept of rationality in AI.

  2. Differentiate between agents and environments.

  3. Explain the structure of an intelligent agent with a neat sketch.

  4. What is problem formulation in AI? Give an example.

  5. Explain characteristics of task environments.

  6. Write a short note on autonomous agents.

  7. Discuss different types of environments with examples.

  8. Explain the role of problem-solving agents in AI.

Short Answer (2 Marks)

  1. Define uninformed search.

  2. What is breadth-first search (BFS)?

  3. What is depth-first search (DFS)?

  4. Define heuristic search.

  5. What is hill climbing in AI?

  6. Write two limitations of hill climbing.

  7. Define evaluation function.

  8. What is A* algorithm?

  9. What is the difference between BFS and DFS?

  10. Write two applications of game playing in AI.

  11. What is adversarial search?

  12. Define minimax algorithm.

  13. What is alpha-beta pruning?

  14. Write two characteristics of informed search.

  15. What is a problem reduction method?

UNIT – III: Representation of Knowledge

Essay (10 Marks)

  1. Explain different knowledge representation techniques.

  2. Discuss predicate logic with examples.

  3. Explain semantic nets with inheritance and frames.

  4. Write about rules-based deduction systems.

  5. Explain reasoning under uncertainty with Bayes’ theorem.

Short Essay (5 Marks)

  1. Explain different knowledge representation issues.

  2. Differentiate between propositional logic and predicate logic.

  3. Explain semantic nets with an example.

  4. Write a short note on frames and inheritance.

  5. What is a rules-based deduction system? Explain with example.

  6. Explain constraint propagation in AI.

  7. Explain reasoning under uncertainty using Bayes theorem.

  8. Write a short note on Dempster-Shafer theory.

Short Answer (2 Marks)

  1. What is knowledge representation?

  2. List two issues in knowledge representation.

  3. Define propositional logic.

  4. Define predicate logic.

  5. What is logic programming?

  6. Write two advantages of predicate logic.

  7. What is semantic network?

  8. Define a frame in AI.

  9. What is inheritance in semantic nets?

  10. What is constraint propagation?

  11. Define rules-based deduction system.

  12. What is reasoning under uncertainty?

  13. Define Bayesian reasoning.

  14. What is Dempster-Shafer theory?

  15. Write two examples of rules in knowledge representation.

UNIT – IV: Logic & Learning Concepts

Essay (10 Marks)

  1. Explain forward chaining and backward chaining with examples.

  2. Describe unification in first-order logic with example.

  3. Explain decision tree learning with example.

  4. Discuss reinforcement learning with an application.

  5. Explain inductive learning with example.

Short Essay (5 Marks)

  1. Differentiate between propositional and first-order inference.

  2. Explain forward chaining with an example.

  3. Explain backward chaining with an example.

  4. Explain unification in first-order logic.

  5. Write a short note on resolution method.

  6. Explain decision tree learning with a simple example.

  7. What is explanation-based learning?

  8. Write a short note on reinforcement learning.

Short Answer (2 Marks)

  1. Define first-order logic.

  2. What is inference?

  3. Differentiate between propositional and first-order logic.

  4. Define forward chaining.

  5. Define backward chaining.

  6. What is unification?

  7. Write two applications of resolution.

  8. Define inductive learning.

  9. Define decision tree learning.

  10. What is explanation-based learning?

  11. Write two statistical learning methods.

  12. Define reinforcement learning.

  13. What is the difference between supervised and unsupervised learning?

  14. Define hypothesis in machine learning.

  15. What is overfitting in learning?

UNIT – V: Expert Systems

Essay (10 Marks)

  1. Explain the architecture of expert systems with diagram.

  2. Write a detailed note on MYCIN expert system.

  3. Explain the roles and applications of expert systems.

  4. Explain knowledge acquisition and meta-knowledge in expert systems.

Short Essay (5 Marks)

  1. Write a short note on the architecture of expert systems.

  2. Explain the role of knowledge base and inference engine.

  3. What is knowledge acquisition in expert systems?

  4. Explain meta-knowledge with examples.

  5. Write a short note on MYCIN expert system.

  6. Write a short note on DART expert system.

  7. Write a short note on XCON expert system.

  8. What are expert system shells? Give examples.

Short Answer (2 Marks)

  1. Define expert system.

  2. Write two applications of expert systems.

  3. What is the architecture of an expert system?

  4. Define knowledge base.

  5. What is an inference engine?

  6. What is knowledge acquisition?

  7. Define meta-knowledge.

  8. Write two examples of expert systems.

  9. What is heuristics?

  10. Write a short note on MYCIN.

  11. Write a short note on DART expert system.

  12. Write a short note on XCON expert system.

  13. What are expert system shells?

  14. Write two advantages of expert systems.

  15. Write two limitations of expert systems.


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Here’s a filtered list of Top 3 Most Expected Short Essays (5 Marks) from each unit – a last-minute focus guide for students.

UNIT – I (Introduction)

  1. Explain the concept of rationality in AI.

  2. Differentiate between agents and environments.

  3. Explain the structure of an intelligent agent with a neat sketch.

UNIT – II (Searching)

  1. Compare uninformed and informed search strategies.

  2. Explain Hill Climbing algorithm with advantages and disadvantages.

  3. Differentiate between minimax algorithm and alpha-beta pruning.

UNIT – III (Representation of Knowledge)

  1. Differentiate between propositional logic and predicate logic.

  2. Explain semantic nets with an example.

  3. Explain reasoning under uncertainty using Bayes theorem.

UNIT – IV (Logic & Learning)

  1. Explain forward chaining with an example.

  2. Explain unification in first-order logic.

  3. Write a short note on reinforcement learning.

UNIT – V (Expert Systems)

  1. Write a short note on MYCIN expert system.

  2. Explain the role of knowledge base and inference engine.

  3. What are expert system shells? Give examples.

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